“To rain cats and dogs”的意思是大家可能都知道是“下傾盆大雨”,但是有人要問(wèn)了為什么英語(yǔ)中用 “cats and dogs”來(lái)形容雨下得大,而不是 “hippopotami”(河馬), “elephants”(大象), “buckets”(籃子)之類的東西。
其實(shí),最初人們的確用過(guò)to rain pitchforks, to rain shovels, darning needles, chicken coops和hammer handles來(lái)描述“持續(xù)的大雨”。 “To rain cats and dogs”最早出現(xiàn)在理查德-布羅姆1652年創(chuàng)作的劇本《都市智慧》中:“It shall rain dogs and polecats.” Polecats 是一種類似于雪貂的貓,但是這個(gè)詞后來(lái)在喬納森-斯威夫特的筆下變成了Cats。1738年,斯威夫特在《禮儀對(duì)話》一書中所使用的短語(yǔ)就是如今我們所熟悉的這種形式:“I know Sir John will go, though he was sure it would cats and dogs.”
《詞匯短語(yǔ)起源故事百科全書》(Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins) 中收錄了對(duì)其起源的一種解釋。書中說(shuō)“17世紀(jì)的英格蘭在下大雨的時(shí)候,一些城市的街道就會(huì)水流成河,而且這些污水中還會(huì)飄浮著大量的死貓死狗。”(During heavy rains in 17th century England, some city streets became raging rivers of filth carrying many cats and dogs.)
布魯爾在其所著的《成語(yǔ)寓言大辭典》(Dictionary of Phrase and Fable)中說(shuō),這個(gè)短語(yǔ)起源于北歐:“在挪威的神話中,貓被認(rèn)為可以影響天氣。駕著風(fēng)暴而來(lái)的女巫據(jù)說(shuō)就是化身為貓的。” 而狗和狼則是風(fēng)暴神歐丁的隨從,其中狗是“風(fēng)的象征”("In Norse mythology, the cat is supposed to have great influence on the weather. Witches that rode on storms were said to assume the form of cats." Dogs and wolves were attendants to Odin, the god of storms, and the dog "is a signal of wind.")。
關(guān)于這個(gè)短語(yǔ)起源的另一種說(shuō)法是說(shuō)它來(lái)源于一個(gè)古老的法語(yǔ)詞“catdoupe”,這個(gè)詞的意思是“waterfall or cataract”。而法語(yǔ)中“catdoupe”的發(fā)音和“cats and dogs”有些相像, 所以就有了 “to rain cats and dogs”。
最后,單獨(dú)的“cats and dogs”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有自己的用法,意思是“ 價(jià)值低的股票, 不值錢的、賣不掉的商品”(low priced,highly speculative stock)。這種用法1879年開始出現(xiàn),1984年在《紐約郵報(bào)》中就曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)這樣的用法。
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